湖南省栎类资源开发利用研究

Inventory of Oak Plants in Hunan Province

对湖南省栎类资源的分布特点，开发利用现状，开发利用途径及开发利用策略进行研究。湖南省栎类资源丰富，分布广泛，是本省残存不多的天然阔叶林中的优势种，有很高的经济价值，除传统上作为用材、淀粉资源、鞣料资源外，还可作为薪炭材、利用栓皮、培养菌菇、饲养柞蚕等；同时还具有涵养水源、保持水土、维持生态平衡等诸多极为重要的生态效益。栎类在本省的分布表现出明显的地带性差异和地域性特点，构成相对集中于湘东、湘南、湘西北山地一线，呈“马蹄形”分布的格局。由于常与其他树种混交，资源零星分散，且分布偏远，造成利用困难。对栎类资源的开发利用必须将保护现有栎类资源，发挥生态效益放在首位；对资源丰富的重要商品原料可加大开发力度；对一些有重要经济价值的栎类树种可进行人工驯化栽培。在开发利用模式上，要走立体开发、综合利用，可持续发展的道路，并注重深加工和新产品开发，将栎类资源优势转变为经济优势。

A recent inventory has revealed a rich resource of oak plants in Hunan Province comprising 77 species belonging to the genera of Castanopsis, Lithocarpus, Cyclobalanopsis, Quercus, Fagus and Castanea. These plants are widely distributed and constitute the predominant species in the existing natural mixed broad-leaved forests. Conventionally, these trees or shrubs are utilized for their timber, nut starch, tanning material and their utility as firewood, cork, fungi cultural medium and feed for silkworm. The ecological as well as socio-economic values of these plants are analyzed with patterns of rational utilization recommended.