冷战转型期的美日关系--对东芝事件的历史考察

A Historical Study of the Toshiba Diversion Case during the Transition of the Cold War

本文依据美国政府的最新解密档案,考辨"东芝事件"的由来与真相,阐明美国政府处理"东芝事件"的外交策略及其影响。本文认为:经济利益是东芝机械公司向苏联出口9轴数控机床的根本驱动力量。美国政府利用国内社会舆论,如愿解决了引进日本防务技术和联合开发FSX战斗机的问题。防务技术转让成为维系美日安全保障体制的新要素。以"东芝事件"为契机,美国积极推动巴黎统筹委员会提高对数控机床的管制标准和建立"类巴统管制体系",日本政府的出口管制政策实现重大变革。这些变化昭示了冷战转型期美日关系发展的新趋向。

Based on the latest declassified documents of the USA, this article is intended to examine the origin and truth of the Toshiba Diversion Case, and illuminate American demarche on Toshiba Case and its impact. The pursuit of economic benefits was the fundamental driving power which made Toshiba Machine Company sell Nine-Axis Milling Machine to the Soviet Union. However, the U.S. Government made use of domestic public opinions, successfully solving the problems of introducing Japanese defence technology and joint-developing the FSX fighter. The Defence Technology Transfer became a new element in maintaining U.S.-Japan Security System.Taking this opportunity, the U.S tightened export control on Number Milling Machine within COCOM and established another export control system resembling COCOM.Accordingly, Japan's export control policies were changed greatly. These changes heralded a new trend in the US-Japan relationship during the transitional period of the Cold War.