有序介孔聚合物的研究进展

Research Development of Ordered Mesoporous Polymers

综述了以自组装法、硬模板法和软模板法合成有序介孔聚合物及介孔碳的研究进展。对上述3种制备方法及原理进行了比较,指出目前以嵌段共聚物进行自组装以及采用软模板法制备介孔聚合物的途径更有利于制备有序的介孔聚合物及介孔碳。讨论了采用自组装法及软模板法时,嵌段共聚物的种类、模板剂的类型、聚合物前躯体的结构等对所制备的介孔聚合物以及介孔碳的形貌、介孔结构、骨架结构以及介孔材料的物理化学性能的影响。指出目前在介孔聚合物以及介孔碳的研究中,主要问题是如何提高介孔聚合物的有序性以及其介孔结构的稳定性。最后对有序介孔聚合物及介孔碳的发展方向及应用领域进行了展望。

The recent development of ordered mesoporous polymers and mesostrucutured carbon synthesized by self-assembly, hard template, and soft template methods is summarized. The above three synthetic methods and principle of mesoporous polymers are compared. It is pointed out that the way of using self-assembly of amphiphilic block eopolymers and soft template exhibited much more advantage compared with hard template method to synthesize ordered mesoporous polymers and mesoporous carbon. Obviously, the morphology, meosoporous structure, skeleton chemical structure and physical and chemical properties of mesoporous materials synthesized by using amphiphilic block copolymer method and soft template method are distinctly affected by amphiphilic block copolymer types, template types and structure of polymer precursors. It is also pointed out that the main problems in the study of ordered mesoporous polymers and carbon are improving the regularity of ordered mesoporous polymers and the stability of mesoporous structure. Finally, the developing direction and application fields of ordered mesoporous polymers and carbon are looked forward to.