试析影响奥巴马政府对华安全战略的国内因素

Analyzing Domestic Factors that Produce Effects on the Obama Administration’s Security Strategy towards China

奥巴马上台后的对华战略,一方面强调对华接触与合作,一方面在诸多敏感问题上挑战中国核心利益,特别是近期对华态度强硬。美国对华政策之所以表现出错综复杂的两面性,除受国际形势的变化及美中两国实力消长等因素影响外,更主要是受其国内因素的影响。美国的冷战思维、实用主义行为方式、选举政治、政党政治、利益集团以及美国智库和媒体,都在不同程度上影响和制约着美国政府对华安全战略的走向,美国的对华政策是这些因素共同作用的产物。

After coming into office,President Obama put forward a China strategy,characterized,on the one hand,by giving stress to engagement and cooperation with China,and,on the other hand,by challenging China's core interests and major concerns in a number of sensitive issues.It is worth mentioning that the U.S.government has taken a tougher stance on China recently.Apart from changes in international situation and the impacts of growth and decline of respective strength of China and the U.S.,this complex character of duality in America's China policy is attributed to the influence of its domestic factors,including the Cold War mentalities,pragmatism traditions,elective and partisan politics,as well as various forces like interest groups,think tanks,which yield influence and restrictions on the directions of the US security strategy towards China by varying degrees.Combined effects of diversified elements in the U.S.work together and lead finally to the formation of its China policy.