光催化降解炸药废水研究进展

Research progress on photocatalytic degradation of explosive wastewater

炸药废水是一类含有多种有机污染物的废水,其处理方法有物理法、化学法和生物法。光催化法是一种理想的治理环境污染的化学方法,可在常温常压下进行,操作条件易控制,可以利用太阳能作为光源驱动反应,具有传统废水处理方法无法比拟的优势。本文根据光催化剂的类别,对国内外光催化降解炸药废水的研究进行综述,分析了各类的特点以及光催化法存在的不足。通过讨论,提出寻找高催化活性的新型光催化剂、扩大催化剂的光响应范围、与其他方法联用将足光催化法降解炸药废水的发展趋势。

Explosive wastewater pollution has become a global environmental problem. The most popular explosive wastewater treatment technologies both at home and abroad include physical, chemical and biological methods. As one of the advanced oxidation processes, photocatalytic degradation can be carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and the operating conditions are easily controlled. It has more advantages, such as stronger oxidation ability, simpler process, lower cost and environment friendly compared with traditional methods. This paper is focused on the research progress both at home and abroad on photocatalytic degradation of explosive wastewater. The main pbotocatalysts are semiconductor materials, including TiO2, CdS, ZnS etc. The advantages and weaknesses of each method are also analyzed. For example, TiO2 photoeatalytic degradation is known as the most widely used technology, of which the limitation is the low utilization of light （about 4% ）. hs application is also restricted due to the difficulty of recycling from the photoreaction system after degradation. Another method, CdS photocatalytic degradation has showed relative high catalytic performance in explosive wastewater processing, but as known to all, Cd is a type of heavy metal clement which is hazardous to the ecosystem and human health. Therefore, the problem of the method is how to make CdS stable during degradation. Besides, this paper has mentioned about the photodegradation methods which are employed in organic dyes and pesticides wastewater treatment. Polyoxometalate is recommended as photocatalyst for explosive wastewater degradation according to its high photocatalytic activity in treating organic dyes and pesticides. The trends of photocatalytic degradation methods are also pointed out. The developing direction of photocatalytic degradation is the efforts in seeking catalysts with high catalytic performance and expanding the light responding range of photocatalysts. The ultimate objective of photocatalytic technology is to make degradation occurs under the irradiation of visual light, which would be more energy-saving.