玉树地震伤与汶川地震伤临床特点比较

Comparing earthquake injuries in YUSHU and WENCHUAN

目的分析玉树地震和汶川地震损伤特点，探讨地震伤员的救治方法。方法以国家地震灾害紧急救援队现场急救的玉树地震和汶川地震伤员为对象，分析比较伤员的年龄、性别、致伤原因、损伤部位、严重程度等信息。结果两处地震伤员的年龄分布基本一致，都无性别差异。汶川地震的重度损伤患者明显多于玉树地震（P〈0．001），玉树地震的前三位致伤原因为：建筑物倒塌、犬咬伤、自救不当，而汶川地震的前三位原因为：建筑物倒塌、余震致伤、山体滑坡。玉树地震损伤部位的前三位为：下肢、上肢、多发伤，汶川地震伤损伤部位前三位为：多发、下肢、上肢伤，玉树伤员中胸部损伤患者死亡率明显高于汶川地震伤（P=0．0000）。结论在高原地震中注重胸部外伤的救治、加强自身防护的宣教、改善房屋结构有利于降低高原地震伤的伤残率。

Objective To analyze characteristics of earthquake injuries in YUSHU and WENCHUAN respectively and explore the first-aid methods. Methods The data of the age, gender, and injury causes, body injured parts, and extent of injury of the wounded who were saved by the National Emergency Rescue Team of Earthquake was classified and compared. Results It showed no significant difference on age, nor gender. In general, the number of serious injuries demonstrated higher in Wenchuan than that in Yushu （P 〈0.001）. The top three injuries in Yushu were caused by building collapse, dog biting, and unprofessional self-aid, by the building collapse, aftershoek and landslide in Wenchuan. The top three injured parts were lower limbs, upper limbs and multi-locations in Yushu, as multi-locations, lower limbs and upper limbs in Wenehuan. The death rate of chest wounded was higher in Yushu than that in Wenchuan. Conclusion To reduce casualties from an earthquake, it suggests strengthening chest trauma treatment in the event, routinely providing correct self-aid technique, and improving building constructions.