隧道塌方的院外紧急医学救援的策略探讨

Exploration of on-site medical rescue strategies at the tunnel collapse

2005年5月17日，云南省距离曲靖市14km贵昆铁路隧道发生约200m塌方，共有12名施工人员被埋。由地方政府、武警、公安、施工方技术部门及曲靖市第一人民医院急诊科为主的医疗急救组形成了一只立体救护抢救队伍，参加救援。经133h的通力协助救援，12名施工人员全部获救。被救12名工人表现出轻度营养不良，低蛋白、低脂肪、低镁、低磷血症，经8d的治疗全部纠正痊愈出院。总结此次救援经验：建议政府对施工方建立危机管理，对可能出现的事故设计好救援的途径和方案；院外医疗救援要做好心理支持和干预，长时间地下救援需给了微量抗感染，中医补气药；用口服补液盐平衡电解质的同时，以植物蛋白为主的豆浆代替牛奶补充蛋白质。

While 12 constructors were buried down in an approximate length of 200-meter tunnel collapse occurred in the Gui-Kun railway, a rescue team composed of the local govermnent, the armed police forces, local police, as well as the medical personnel from emergency department of Qujing First People Hospital was immediately organized and dispatched to the accident site. Throughout an intensive 133-hour rescue mission, all the 12 constructors survived, and fully recovered after an eight-day hospitalization, being treated for malnutrition, low protein, low fat, low magnesium, and Hyperphosphataemia. The rescue mission suggests that on top of establishing the crisis management plan in terms of rescue channel and plan for any possible incidents, it is important to provide psychological intervention preparation, antibiotics, supplement, liquid of electrolyte balance, and protein from medical perspective.