基于热交换和集水仿生原理的作物蒸散凝结灌溉技术

Condensing evapotranspiration for irrigation based on heat exchange and bionics for collecting liquid water

根据作物蒸散、热交换、水气凝结、集水仿生学和节水灌溉的原理,系统提出一项农业节水新途径——作物蒸散凝结灌溉。通过创造低温凝结条件,聚集、冷凝作物蒸散发的湿热水气并高效收集,最后回灌到土壤中供根系吸收,如此循环往复,形成闭合的土壤-植物-大气连续体(SPAC)水分微循环。蒸散水气凝结和收集效率,水气回收率、能耗效率是衡量该项技术的关键参数。该技术适合严重缺水但新能源丰富的干旱、半干旱地区,实施方式分温室地源热泵型、空调除湿型和大田仿生集水型3种类型。未来技术研发重点在于高效集水仿生材料的突破和系统结构与运行流程的优化。

Based on the principles of crop evapotranspiration,heat exchange,vapor condensation,bionics for collecting liquid water,and water-saving irrigation,an innovative solution to improving crop water use efficiency： condensing evapotranspiration for irrigation（CEI） was summed up systematically. Low-temperature condition is created to aggregate,condense and harvest evapotranspiration vapor,and then irrigates the soil for root absorption,thus a totally closed water micro-circulation of soil-plant-atmosphere-continuum forms. Condensation and collection efficiency of evapotranspiration vapor,and energy use efficiency are key parameters of the technology. The technology is suitable for a serious water shortage,but energy-rich arid and semi-arid areas. The implementing patterns of this technology are divided into three types,such as condensing vapor by heat exchange between shallow soil and air,conditioner-based dehumidifier in greenhouses and collecting air water by bionics net in open-fields. The key points and directions to be solved in the future are breakthrough of bionics for collecting water,and optimization of system structure and operation process.