不同畦面结构下地面灌溉效果的对比分析

Comparison of border irrigation practices in different morphologic fields

为研究畦面结构变化对地面灌溉效果的影响,在4种不同畦面结构的大田灌溉试验基础上,用WinSRFR3.1模型对平作畦灌、细沟灌、畦作浅沟灌和微垄沟灌的田面土壤特性参数和灌水效果进行估算和模拟,比较了不同灌溉方式由于畦面结构改变引起的田面土壤特性和灌水效果差异,并提出不同畦面结构的适宜畦田规格。研究认为,不同畦面结构的田面糙率系数和土壤入渗特性差异明显,微垄沟灌糙率系数最大而平作畦灌糙率系数最小,平作畦灌入渗速率最快而畦作浅沟灌入渗速率最慢;对长畦田来说,畦作浅沟灌灌水效果最好,微垄沟灌次之,平作畦灌最差;在单宽流量为4.5L/(m·s)条件下,畦作浅沟灌灌水效率达到80%的最大优化畦长为200～220m,微垄沟灌为170～190m,细沟灌为150～170m,平作畦灌为150～170m。畦面结构是影响地面灌溉效果的重要因素,在地面灌溉研究和实践中都需考虑进去。

To evaluate the effect of field morphologic change on irrigation performance,the field soil characteristics and irrigation performance of 4 types of irrigation fields i.e. border-strip irrigation（BSI） ,rill irrigation（RI） ,shallow-furrow-border irrigation（SFBI） and border-furrow irrigation（BFI） were calculated and simulated with WinSRFR3.1 model. The differences induced by the change of field morphologic between these irrigation patterns were compared,and reasonable border lengths for different morphologics were suggested. It was concluded that soil infiltration characteristics and field roughness were quite diverse in different morphologic fields,characterized with the highest roughness in BFI while lowest in BSI,and the rapidest infiltration rate in BSI while slowest in SFBI. For long border,the performance is in order of SFBI BFIRIBSI. Under a feasible inflow rate of 4.5 L/（m·s） ,to obtain above 80% application efficiency,the optimum border length should be 200–220 m,170–190 m,150–170 m,and 150–170 m for SFBI,BFI,RI,and BSI,respectively. Field morphologic playes an important role in surface irrigation performance,and it is necessary to be considered in the futher study and practice of surface irrigation.