清代皇帝大阅与大阅甲胄规制

Qing Emperors' Military Inspection & the Rules and Regulations for the Armors and Helmets Worn by the Emperors

文章考察了清代大阅制度的建立以及顺、康、雍、乾、嘉五朝大阅的概况,指出大阅典礼的举行是国家军事实力和国内外形势关系的综合反映。同时作者对故宫博物院收藏的皇帝大阅甲胄作系统梳理,指出清代甲胄是在保持元代蒙古甲胄传统又吸取宋明汉式甲胄基础之上的创新,便于骑射是其最突出特点。体现了满族统治者以武功骑射为安邦之本的治国思想。作者认为,建立并修订于乾隆朝的清代大阅甲胄规制,其形式在康熙朝已经形成。最后,考订现藏于北京故宫的两套高宗大阅甲胄,分别对应于乾隆四年(1739)和乾隆二十三年(1758)乾隆朝最重要的两次大阅活动。

This paper briefly introduces the establishment of the emperors' military inspection system in the Qing dynasty and describes the grand events in the reigns of Emperors Shunzhi(顺治),Kangxi(康熙),Yongzheng(雍正),Qianlong(乾隆) and Jiaqing(嘉庆),by which the national military achievements were spread out and the situations home and abroad were comprehensively conveyed as well.Besides,based on the research of the collections in the Palace Museum the author points out that the Qing armors and helmets worn by the emperors were the products of both the Mongolian tradition of the Yuan dynasty and the Han's style of the Song and Ming dynasties,and they were designed as much as possible for the convenience for horsemanship and marksmanship,which reflect the Manchu rulers' thought that the nation could be safely defended only by the military forces of horsemanship and marksmanship.The author finally draws a conclusion that the rules and regulations for the suit that were edited and revised in Qianlong's(乾隆) region were actually drafted in Kongxi's(康熙) reign.