古环境的复原及全新世时期的上辽河流域

Reconstrucition of Paleo-environments and the Condition of the Upper Liaohe River Valley in the Recent Epoch

环境考古学的理论和方法的应用使中国考古学进入了一个新的时代,中国的环境考古学研究在过去20多年来也有了前所未有的成就。目前,环境考古已基本成为普遍的研究方法应用于很多考古学的课题中,而且,环境考古的理论和方法也会伴随中国考古学的发展而更加完善。然而环境考古学本身对考古工作者提出了更高的要求,不仅需要考古学家有坚实的考古学理论和方法,而且还要掌握古环境科学的基本理论和方法及其如何在考古学中的应用。对于考古学家来说,对那些针对考古学研究的古环境学研究的理论和方法的理解是非常重要的。考古学家如果能够初步将古环境复原的方法和理论应用于考古学研究将是十分必要的。为了能使更多的考古学家掌握基本的古环境复原的方法,本文试图从考古学研究的角度来探讨环境考古的基本理论和方法,并以辽西地区的古环境为例进一步说明如何解读那些像孢粉等的古环境数据,以此推动中国环境考古学研究的开展。

Environmental archaeology has much improved in the past decades and it becomes a popular subject in Chinese archaeology today.The theory and method of environmental archaeology adopted by Chinese archaeologists have brought Chinese archaeology in a new era and will continually associate with Chinese archaeological research in the future.Environmental archaeology has requested archaeologists not only have qualified training in archaeological studies but also have an extended knowledge and skills in the studies of environmental science in order to meet the international standard.Among the environmental studies,particularly for the purpose of archaeological study,to be able to understand the basic method of palaeo-environmental reconstruction is essential.This paper attempts to use simple way to introduce the basic knowledge and method of environmental reconstruction and to present a tentative result of environmental reconstruction based on available environmental studies in one specific area,Liaoxi region in northeast China,to demonstrate how significance of understanding the methodologies in environmental reconstruction in current environmental archaeology.