关于“保险人同意承保”的几个法律问题——兼论保险合同的成立、生效与保险责任开始

Legal implications of "insurer′s acceptance of the insurance application"——Also on the establishment of insurance contract,its entering into force, and initiation of insurance liability

新《保险法》对保险合同的成立要件予以了简化。根据新《保险法》第13条的规定,投保人提出保险要求,经保险人同意承保,保险合同即成立。但新《保险法》的规定过于简略,导致实践中产生一些争议。本文认为,结合《合同法》的相关规定及承保实务,保险人核保通过并通知投保人即意味着"保险人同意承保";寿险业务中,保险人在投保人签署投保单之后即预收首期保险费并不表示保险人必然同意承保,但保险人应当为投保人提供临时保障,并不得无正当理由拒绝承保;投保人表明投保意向或递交投保单后,保险人应及时作出同意承保或拒绝承保的意思表示。

The new Insurance Law has simplified the important conditions for establishing insurance contract. According to the stipulation by the 13th clause of the new Insurance Law,the insurance contract comes into existence when the applicant applies for the insurance and the insurer accepts the application. Yet the over-simplified stipulation of the new Insurance Law has resulted in a series of debates in practice. This article is of the opinion that with reference to related regulations in Contract Law and underwriting practices, it means ＂the insurer agrees to underwrite the application＂ when the case passes through the insurer＇s underwriting procedure and the insurer advise the applicant. In personal insurance business, it does not necessarily mean that the insurer agrees to underwrite when the applicant signs the application and pays the first-year premium, nevertheless the insurer should provide for the applicant temporary insurance protection and should not reject the insurance application without appropriate reasons. Where the applicant expressly demonstrates an intent for insurance or submits the application, the insurer ought to immediately make a clear expression of approval or refusal of such application.