城市化与工业化对城乡居民收入差距的影响

The Influence of Urbanization and Industrialization on Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents

改革开放以来,随着我国城市化与工业化程度的不断提高,我国农民收入有了较快增长,但总体上仍慢于城市居民收入的增长,从而出现了城乡居民收入差距趋于扩大的现象。本文对这种现象进行了理论研究与实证分析,结果发现,城市化与工业化对农民人均收入水平的提高具有正效应,但它们对城乡居民收入差距变动的影响则有所不同,其中,城市化缩小了城乡居民收入差距,工业化则扩大了城乡居民收入差距。我国的城市化与工业化对城乡居民收入差距变化的影响机制同我国特定的城市化与工业化发展模式以及各种制度和政策性因素存在密切关系。

Since the introduction of reform and opening up policy,the income of rural residents in China has increased rapidly with the progressing urbanization and industrialization processes.However,the growth of the rural residents＇ income has lagged behind that of the urban residents＇ income on the whole,resulting in the widening income gap between them.The paper aims to investigate such phenomenon by theoretical and empirical analysis.It reveals that both urbanization and industrialization have positive effects on raising the per capita income of rural residents,nevertheless,the two factors have different effects on the income gap between urban and rural residents as the former narrows while the latter widens the gap.The mechanisms of urbanization and industrialization influencing the income gap between urban and rural residents in China are closely related with the specific patterns of the urbanization and industrialization processes as well as many institutional and policy factors.