早期全真道與方技的關係及其他

The Relationship between the Early Quanzhen School and Fangji and Other Issues

早期全真道利用方技传教，王重阳师徒为自己制作了许多神异，以此吸引韦来。利用方技的行为遭到教外人士的抨击，也在教内引发争议。有入主张少用方技，也有人以释家的权智说为利用方技、制作神异辩护。1258年第一次僧道辩论以後，全真道自称为老子之道的惟一继承人，掩饰自己利用方技的行为，大力进行宣传。後人不察，遂以为早期全真道不尚符筱斋醮，不施方技。及至近代，全真道研究向政治视角偏移，早期全真人物被称为“忠义”、“遗民”、“民族之救星”，这些说法既与史实不符，也损害了学术研究应有的实事求是精神。

The early Quanzhen School used fangji(方技) to preach,with which Wang Chongyang and his apprentices attracted many followers.This behavior stirred outside criticism and inside controversies.Objectors stood for less use of fangji while supporters defended it with the Buddhist theory of expedient wisdom.After the first Buddhism-Daoism debate in 1258,the Quanzhen School declaimed themselves as the only successor of Laozi’s Dao to cover the fact of using fangji and propagated it widely.Since people in later period did not notice this,they considered the early Quanzhen School did no writings as fu and lu(符籙),no rituals as zhai and jiao(齋醮),and no fangji at all.Modern research of Quanzhen School tends to political views,and the early Quanzhen characters were called "loyalists","adherents of past dynasties" or "saviors of the nation".Actually,these statements countered to the real history,and undermined the spirit of academic,too.