不讀漢宋書,也爭漢宋學:清代漢宋之爭“風氣”的形成

On the Climate of the Argument between Han and Song in Qing Dynasty

清代知识界大致可分为“读书人”和“学人”两类人。所谓的汉宋之争不仅是少数专业“学人”探讨的高深的学术问题，同时也是大量一般“读书人”广泛参与的热门话题。大量“读书人”的不断卷入又使得汉宋的争辩成了一时流行的风气。这些“读书人”往往是通过科举考试来接触与表现他们的“汉学”与“宋学”。他们拥有各自不同的科举经历，渐致他们对“汉学”或“宋学”形成各种不同的态度，既而卷入汉宋的争论中，在不自觉间即成为这股争论风气的推动者。这一层面的汉宋之争大体上是一个社会史的问题，同儒学内部的各种理论层次并无太大的关系，因而很少受到既有研究的关注。

The intellectual circle in Qing Dynasty may divide into two kinds—"the literati" and "the scholars".The so-called argument between Han and Song involved not only in a profound academic question that discussed by a few scholars,but also in a hot topic that a number of literati participated in,which made the argument become popular for a while.These literati often contacted with and displayed their Hanxue(漢學)and Songxue(宋學)through the imperial civil examinations.They would have evolved different attitudes for Hanxue or Songxue based on their different examination experiences,which made them unconsciously become the agitators of the argument.The argument between Han and Song on this layer was generally a question of social history,which didn’t have close relations with the kinds of theories in the Confucianism;therefore,few researchers have paid attention to it.