濉溪县2004～2009年肺结核流行特征和控制策略探讨

Research On The Epidemiological Characteristics Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis From 2004 To 2009 And Its Control Strategy In Suixi County,Anhui Province

目的分析安徽省濉溪县2004～2009年肺结核的流行特征,提出控制措施。方法采用描述流行病学方法,用Excel2003对肺结核病疫情数据进行整理统计分析。结果濉溪县2004～2009年共报告肺结核5891例,年均报告发病率为82.45/10万;2004年发病率最低为51.99/10万;2005年发病率最高为122.47/10万,随后逐年下降。死亡25例,年均死亡率为0.35/10万。发病时间主要集中在3～6月份,占发病总数的43.63%;发病地区主要集中在濉溪县北部3个乡镇,占发病总数的34.97%;男女发病之比为2.31:1(2χ=809.22,P(0.01);发病年龄以55～79岁年龄组较多,占发病总数的43.69%,其次为15～44岁的青壮年;发病职业以农民为主,占发病总数的87.47%,其次为学生。结论防控形势依然严峻;农民、男性、老年人、青壮年是肺结核防治工作的重点对象;持续规范实施现代肺结核控制策略,高发现和高治愈病人,新生儿卡介苗接种是控制肺结核的关键。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis （TB） from 2004 to 2009 in Suixi county, and put forward the control measures. Methods The monitoring epidemic data of TB from 2004 to 2009 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method, and statistics was done by Excel 2003. Results 5891 TB cases were reported in Suixi county frmn 2004 to 2009. The annual average reported incidence rateof TB was 82.45/lakh, and the rate was the lowest （51.99/lakh） in 2004, it increased to the highest （122.47/lakh） in 2005, and then decreased gradually year by year. 25 TB death cases were reported, and the annual average mortality was 0.35/lakh. TB was prone to occur in Mar, Apr, May and Jun, and cases during this months accounted for 43.63% of the total cases. TB cases mainly happened in three towns in the north of Suixi county, and cases in these areas accounted for 34.97%. And the incidence ratio of male to female was 2.31 ： 1 （χ2 = 809.22 P 〈 0.01 ）. The age of the cases was mainly between 55 and 79 which occupied 43. 69%, the second high crisis people of TB was the young and middle -aged about 15 -44 years. Farmers were the majority with the proportion of 78.95 % in total cases, students were the secondary. Conclusion The situation of TB prevention and control is still serious. The key populations of prevention and contral are farmers, or males, or people aged over 15. The constant and regular implementation of modern TB control strategy, the higher detection and treatment rate of cases, and neonatal BCG vaccination are the key to control TB.