也论减价制度

On Reduction

减价是当事人一项选择性的救济权利,并且减价同时应该被理解为包括涨价在内。减价制度的意义在于维持合同的风险均衡,持续当事人的风险分配格局,激励或促进效率的履行和资源的效率配置。为此减价计算中的比例关系应是:履行时履行地不符合约定的履行与符合约定的履行的市场价格之比。减价的构成条件就是履行不符合约定且买方接受,实质就是买方接受了不符合约定的履行,所以此制度一般性地适用于各种违约救济,不限于特定类型的合同。由于存在减价与终止合同或主张赔偿的选择,减价出现的几率并不高。另外,减价不以修理、更换或重做等救济用尽为原则。

Reduction is party＇s option of remedies, and it also should be understood to include price increases. The significance of reduction is to maintaining balance of contract risk, continuing the distribution pattern between parties, encouraging or promoting the efficiency of performance and efficiency of resource allocation. So reduction should be unconfirmed and conformed performance of market price ratio when performance. It is reduction formation that performance does not meet the agreed and accepted by the buyer. Reduction is suitable all kinds of breach of contract. Reduction is not high probability of emerging.