覆膜与施肥处理对兰州百合生态位适宜度和商品鳞茎产量的影响

Effect of mulching and fertilizer on niche-fitness and yield of Lilium davidii var.unicolor

将生态位理论引入作物生长系统研究中,分析了作物生态位适宜度的内涵.以兰州百合为研究对象,依据大田覆膜及施肥调控试验和生态位适宜度的数学模型,对兰州百合生态位适宜度值进行了定量分析.结果表明:覆膜和施肥均有增加叶面积指数、提高兰州百合适宜度值和增加商品鳞茎产量的效果.覆膜比平播样区的叶面积指数在苗期、现蕾期和盛花期平均增加了25.90%,生态位适宜度值提高了6.40%,商品鳞茎产量增加了21.21%.土壤养分梯度随着N,P,K肥施用量的增加,叶面积指数、生态位适宜度值和作物商品鳞茎产量均有所增加.平播条件下,A_LB_L,A_OB_L,A_LB_O处理下叶面积指数比A_OB_O处理下叶面积指数在苗期、现蕾期和盛花期三个生长时期内分别增加了41.83%,30.07%,13.73%.单施K肥生态位适宜度值和商品鳞茎产量(A_OB_L处理相对于A_OB_O处理)增幅分别大于单施N,P肥处理(A_LB_O处理相对于A_OB_O处理)18.32%,42.65%.N,P,K肥混施对生态位适宜度值提高和商品鳞茎产量增加最为显著,且增幅(A_LB_L处理相对于A_OB_O处理)在覆膜条件下较大,分别达26.80%,58.82%.商品鳞茎产量与其适宜度值间呈现显著的二项式相关关系.

Introducing the niche theory into the research of crop growth system,this paper studied the meaning of niche-fitness,and also analyzed quantitatively the niche-fitness values of Lilium davidii var. unicolor under different habitat conditions regulated by mulching and fertilizer according to the relevant mathematical model.The results show that film mulching and fertilizer had the effects of increasing of LAI,niche-fitness values and bulb yield.The LAI of Lilium davidii var.unicolor during seedling stage, squaring period and anthesis increased averagely by 25.90%,and their fitness values and bulb yield increased by 6.40%and 21.21%under mulching.The LAI,optimum niche values and bulb yield of Lilium davidii var. unicolor tended to increase with the increasing of N,P and K application on the fertilizer gradient under either mulching or flat sowing.Compared with A_OB_O,the values of LAI with A_LB_L,A_OB_L and A_LB_O during seedling stage,squaring period and anthesis increased by 41.83%,30.07%and 13.73%under flat sowing. Single K application（A_OB_L relative to A_OB_O） increased more in fitness values and bulb yield than single N and P application（A_LB_O relative to A_OB_O） under flat sowing were 18.32%and 42.65%,respectively.The increments of fitness values and bulb yield with N,P and K application were the most significant,and the increments（A_LB_L relative to A_OB_O） under mulching condition were bigger than that under flat sowing,up to 26.80%and 58.82%,respectively.The marketable bulb yield of Lilium davidii var.unicolor was remarkably quadratically interrelated with the fitness values.