我国环境刑法设立抽象危险犯的研究

Study on Abstract Potential Damage Offense of China Environmental Criminal Law

抽象危险犯有形式说与实质说之分。形式说难以成立。实质说语境下的抽象危险犯与具体危险犯在本质上是一致的,区别在于侵害法益可能性的大小不同。环境刑法设立抽象危险犯应当予以肯定:是周延保护环境法益的需要;是社会现实的需要;是完善、丰富环境危险犯理论的需要;也不违背刑法谦抑性。在设置抽象危险犯时,不能将其上升为环境犯罪的普遍形态;对环境犯罪抽象危险犯的刑罚不宜过重;抽象危险犯应限于故意抽象危险犯,不应包括过失抽象危险犯。

There are theory of form and theory of substance in light of abstract potential damage offense.The theory of form is untenable.The abstract potential damage offense in the context of the theory of substance is identical in nature with the concrete potential damage offense,merely different in the degree of possibility of infringing legal interests.Recognition should be given to the abstract potential damage offense of Environmental Criminal Law as it is necessary for exhausting the protection of environmental legal interest,for social reality and for improvement and enrichment of the theories of environmental potential damage offense;moreover it does not go against the modest and restrained principle of criminal law.As a potential damage offense is established,it should not be regulated as the common pattern of environmental crime.The criminal penalty to the potential damage offense of environmental crimes should not be too severe.The abstract potential damage offense should be limited to intentional abstract potential damage offense,and should not include involuntary abstract potential damage offense.