高吸水性树脂在农业上应用的基础研究

A STUDY ON SOME BASIC PROPERTIES OF HIGH WATER-ABSORBING SYNTHETIC RESINS FOR AGRICULTURAL USE

高吸水性树脂在土壤里的保水性能与其溶胀度一致。按保水性能顺序:IAC13(长春应化所)>KH841(中科院北京化学所)>兰州晶体(兰州应化所)。这种保水性能也和土壤种类有关,其顺序是:粗砂土>壤砂土>细砂土>砂壤土。树脂可影响土壤物理性状,增加土壤代换量,增加对肥料的吸附作用,减少化肥淋失。在无外源水栽培作物时树脂的掺入可延长生育日数,在自然条件下可改善生长环境,提高产量。树脂有效量为(0.25～0.75)%。但对某些果树,蔬菜等未看到明显效果。

3 high water-absorbing synthetic resins manufactured in China were studied. They are IAC13,KH841,and Lanzhou resin.Results obtained are summarized as follows. Swelling ratio(g/g)of those resins studied in distilled water was taken as their water retention capacities.Order of retention capacities of resins stu- died was found to be:IAC13>KH841>Langzhou rosin.Soil texture exerted a pronounced impact on the water retention capacity of resins.The effect of resins on water retention was most pronounced in coarse sand,order of effecton. Other soils were found to be:loamy sand>fine sand>sandy loam.Base excha- nge capacities of soils were also increased by the application of resins. Therefore leaching of nutrients in fertilizers applied could he decreased when resins were applied.The length of period that seedlings showed significant wilting symptoms when soils was initially watered to 20% was longer for soils mixed with resins.Output of crops investigated was raised to some extent by the use of resins under natural conditions.The effective dosage of resins studied was found to be 0.25-0.75% to top soil.A number of fruit trees and vegetables were not obviously affected when resins were applied.