嘉兴市外来流动人口生活环境与霍乱知信行健康教育效果分析

Effect analysis of cholera related KBP health promotion and living environment of migrant population in a city of China

目的：通过对外来人口聚集地生活环境和霍乱知信行的分析,探索外来人口健康教育的规范化工作模式。方法：采用单纯随机抽样的方法,分别于2006年和2010年对嘉兴市5县2区城郊结合部相同区域的外来人口进行一对一调查。结果：两次调查均以2~4人合住租房为主,分别占合租者的82.89%、77.94%;2010年较2006年,调查对象中不规范如厕（方便厕所和没有厕所）者下降9.08%（χ2=24.6363,P〈0.01）,使用井水和河水者上升4.57%（χ2=9.0343,P〈0.01）;被调查者中知道霍乱传播途径者、主要临床症状者、7项预防措施者和一旦出现霍乱症状能及时到正规医院就诊者,2010年较2006年均有所下降（P〈0.01）;现有知识获得途径与希望获取方式,两次调查均以电视为主;一旦得了霍乱会采取隔离措施的知信行分别为55.74%、85.63%和88.99%。结论：改水改厕对霍乱等肠道传染病发生与流行有积极保护作用;健康危机时期的应急健康教育比平时的健康教育效果好;全民健康促进能有效提高外来流动人口肠道传染病防控知信行水平;开展以电视广播、巡讲、宣传资料入户等相结合适时适地健康教育,可以提高外来流动人员的相关知信行水平。

Objective To explore standard working model of health education through analysis of living environment and cholera related health knowledge of migrant population.Methods Simple random sampling method was used to sample the target population in the same area of urban and rural conjunction in seven counties in 2006 and 2010 respectively,with questionnaire to gather related information.Results The results of the two surveys showed that most of the tenants shared their room with 2 to 4 persons,the percentage being 82.89% and 77.94% respectively.Compared with the year 2006,in 2010,the percentage of Substandard usage of toilet decreased 4.57%（χ2=24.6363,P0.0001）,while the rate of using water in wells or rivers increased 4.57%（χ2=9.0343,P0.01）.Knowledge of transmission route,main clinic symptoms,main prevention methods and seeking health behavior of cholera were significantly decreased in 2010 compared with 2006.The main route of acquiring health knowledge was television.The knowledge,belief and behavior of quarantine method of cholera was 55.74%,85.63% and 88.99% respectively.Conclusion Changes in drinking water and lavatories have positive effect on the incidence and prevalence of intestinal infectious diseases.Health emergency response in times of crisis is more effective than routine health education.Multidepartment cooperation in health promotion led by government and designed by health department is better than health education led by health department only.Conveyance of health message through television,tour speaking,household promotional materials should be carried out whenever and wherever appropriate,to enhance the KAP level of migrant population.