伪狂犬病病毒吉林分离株感染BHK-21细胞的超微结构变化

Pseudorabies virus morphogenesis in BHK-21 cell and ultrastructural changes of infected cells

以猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）吉林分离株PRV-JL感染体外培养的BHK-21细胞为模型,通过透射电镜对PRV的形态发生学和宿主细胞超微结构的动态变化规律进行研究。结果显示,PRV能导致BHK-21细胞圆缩,并发生细胞融合,形成合胞体;电镜观察到的病毒粒子呈球形或椭圆形,成熟的病毒粒子直径大小为140~210 nm,未成熟病毒粒子直径为90~150 nm,多呈中空状,部分呈致密核芯。病毒吸附于细胞后以膜融合的方式进入细胞,在胞核内复制,装配好的病毒粒子以出芽的方式离开细胞核,获得最初的囊膜,进入胞浆;在胞浆内的病毒粒子又利用高尔基体的膜结构合成第2层囊膜,形成完整的病毒粒子;最后包裹有完整病毒粒子的高尔基囊泡与细胞膜发生融合,将病毒粒子释放到细胞外。感染细胞超微结构变化主要表现为：细胞胞浆空泡增多,内质网扩张,线粒体增生、嵴肿胀、脱落,最后空泡化,整个细胞裂解、破碎。

Electron microscopy was employed for ultrastructural oberservation of BHK-21 cells infected with porcine pseudorabies virus isolated strain（PRV-JL） and the virus morphogenesis in infected cells.The results demonstrated that PRV caused cell round,fusion and syncytium.The virus particles are spherical or oval-shaped,mature virus particles diameter is about 140-210 nm,immature virus particles diameter about 90-150 nm.Viruses entered cells after attached to cells by membrane fusion,then began replication in the nucleuses.The assembled virus budded from the nucleuses to obtain the original envelopes,then entered the cytoplasm;in the cytoplasm virus particles synthesized the second-layer membrane by using Golgi body,then formed complete virus particles;finally,the Golgi vesicles packaging with complete virus particles fused with cell membrane,then the virus particles were released into the extracellular.Ultrastructural changes of infected cells showed cytoplasmic vacuoles increased,endoplasmic reticulum dilated,mitochondria hyperplasy,crista swelled,fell,vacuolated,finally the whole cell lysis,broken.