欧洲控制石油消费的经验及其对我国的启示

Experience of Petroleum Comsumption Control in Europe and the Enlightenment to China

目前我国经济处在高速发展期,陷入了极大的石油需求和我国油气资源先天不足的两难境地。1973年石油危机以来,欧盟各国纷纷采取节油措施,但是其经济也得到了良好的发展,我国应借鉴欧盟国家的发展策略。为此文章总结了欧盟的节油措施:直接节油举措;以气代油;发展核电和水电;其它的节油措施如产业结构调整等。文章最后提出了我国应该在政策上要有效地引导石油的节约消费、发展天然气产业和大力发展核能水电新能源以及要积极推动我国的产业升级和产业结构优化等几个方面的建议。

Chinese economy has developed rapidly.But there is an embarrassing situation because of the great demand of petroleum and the shortage of petroleum reserve.Since the first petroleum crisis in 1973,European countries have released many policies to reduce petroleum consumption,but their economies have been growing healthily.China should learn from EU.The paper summarizes the ways to reduce petroleum consumption in EU.The following are some of the major steps：（1） restricting petroleum consumption on policy;（2） taking natural gas replace petroleum;（3） developing nuclear and hydro energy;（4） developing alternative fuels and adjusting the industrial structure.In the end it points out that China should restrict petroleum consumption on policy,develop natural gas,nuclear hydro energy and adjust Chinese industrial structure.