宁陕野化放飞朱鹮秋冬季日间活动时间分配和节律

Diurnal Time Budget and Behavior Rhythm of Nipponia nippon in Autumn and Winter at Reintroduction Area in Ningshan,Shaanxi,China

于2008年9月～2009年1月采用瞬时扫描取样法在陕西省宁陕县的寨沟和华严两地对野化放飞朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)秋冬季日间活动的时间分配和活动节律进行调查和统计分析.结果表明:觅食、维护和休息是两地朱鹮秋冬季占主要活动时间的行为,而且各时间段中各种行为的时间分配存在极显著差异(F=5.822～481.74,P=0.000).在寨沟,朱鹮没有明显的取食高峰,但是有两个明显的维护高峰;而在华严,朱鹮有2个取食高峰和3个维护高峰.朱鹮在晴天和雨雪天各种行为类型的活动时间分配也有明显差异,晴天觅食的节律性不显著,而雨雪天呈现2个取食高峰.成体和亚成体活动时间分配仅在互动行为上差异极显著(P=0.000).各种干扰对朱鹮的觅食行为有较大的不利影响.

From September 2008 to January 2009,the diurnal behavior budget and rhythm of crested ibis（Nipponia nippon） were observed by using instantaneous and scan sampling methods at reintroduction areas of Zhaigou and Huayan in Ningshan,Shaanxi,China.In autumn and winter,the birds of N.nippon spent most of their time on feeding,maintaining and resting.The behavior of N.nippon in each hour showed significant difference（F = 5.822～481.74,P = 0.000）.There were two feeding peaks and 3 maintaining peaks in Huayan,while there were no obvious feeding peak but 2 maintaining peaks in Zhaigou.The time budget of N.nippon between sunny days and rainy days also showed significant differences,i.e.,there was one feeding peak in the morning and afternoon respectively in rainy or snowy days,but no significant feeding peak was found in sunny days.The time allocation about interaction was significant between sub-adults and adults（P=0.000）.However,human disturbance has bad effect on feeding of N.nippon.