癌症的中医诠释及相关病名辨析

Annotation of cancer by TCM and discrimination of relevant names of diseases

与外感六淫和内伤七情不同,肿瘤是一种阴阳合体的邪气,具有生命属性。恶性肿瘤阴盛而阳亢,故生长快而易于走窜,最耗气血,是谓之癌症;良性肿瘤阴盛而阳微,生长慢而倚伏不移,少伤气血,多属古人所谓积证。瘤体寄生于体内,与五脏六腑血脉相连,类似一个病理性脏器。肿瘤的发生是由于脾胃功能失常,造成清浊相干,营养机体的精微物质中混杂有污浊之物,日久则正常组织可异化生出肿瘤。体虚之人容易罹患肿瘤,由于局部有实邪,多数肿瘤患者表现出虚实夹杂,寒热错杂的证候群。在治疗中,由于肿瘤与机体血脉贯通,往往一损俱损,一荣俱荣,容易使治疗陷入困境。故肿瘤的治疗宜以外治技术为先导,先用"截法",切断瘤体与机体的血脉联系,继之以"拔法",以毁其根。待瘤体损毁之后,再用内服之药调理,既补机体之虚,又祛残存之邪,以防死灰复燃。

Cancer is a pathogen combined with both yin and yang,and attribute to living things,which is different from the six excesses and seven emotions.Because of the yin excess and yang hyperactivity of malignant tumor,it grows rapidly and is liable to move,as well as consuming the qi and blood a lot;while benign tumor grows slowly and is fixed,it damages the qi and blood less,which belongs to mass so called in ancient times.The tumor lives in human body as a parasite which connects with viscera and bowels through blood vessels and resembles a pathological organ.The dysfunction of the spleen and stomach may cause abnormal ascent-descent between the clear and turbid,and nutrient substance nourishing the body would become mixed with the turbid,in this case,normal tissue would turn into tumor after a long time.Weak people are liable to have tumor,and because of the local excess pathogen,most patients with tumor manifest deficiency-excess and cold-heat complex patterns.The tumor connects with blood vessels,so in the treatment,if you injure the tumor and you will injure the body as well,they bind together for glory,and the treatment would be stuck.In this case,we take the external treatment as the forerunner,using ＇cutting method＇ to cut off the connection of blood vessels between the tumor and body,then,applying ＇plucking method＇ to damage its root.After the tumor is damaged,we use decoction for regulation,this method not only tonifies the deficiency but also removes the residual pathogen to prevent recurrence.