黑格尔哲学当中的“类”思想

"Category" Concept in Hegel's Philosophy

"类"在黑格尔哲学当中显得尤为重要,它是理解整个黑格尔哲学的基础和源头。黑格尔哲学当中的"类"概念包含两方面的内容,一方面指外在的思维形式,另一方面是指内在的事物本质或共相。其中外在的思维形式是主体先天所具有的,它是主体用以把握实体的逻辑方式,是对康德的先天范畴的理论推演。内在的本质和共相来源于柏拉图的理念,它是世界的本质和动力,它是存在于特殊性之中的普遍性,是事物当中不变的永恒。由于本质存在于事物内部,这样,就无法通过感觉感知它的存在与否,于是"类"作为事物的本质只能通过反思才能获得,而不可能透过事物"看"本质,因为本质是离开了经验界的存在。

As the basis and headstream of understanding Hegel＇ s philosophy, ＂category＂ is an important concept in the philosophy. It includes content from two aspects, one is the external hal essence or commonness of things. The external thinking form is congenitally ic way for the subject to ,grasp an entity. It is the theoretical deduction of Kant＇ thinking form and the other is inter- owned by the subject. It is the log- s congenital category. The internal essence or commonness comes from Plato＇ s conception. It is the essence and power of the world. As the universality existed in the particularity, it is a fixed eternity in things. Because the essence exists internally in things, its existenee can not be perceived by sense, therefore, the category as the essence of a thing can only be obtained by retrospection. The essence of a thing is an existence beyond the field of experience.