文心兰不同花期及花朵不同部位香气成分的变化

Changes of Aroma Components in Oncidium Sharry Baby in Different Florescence and Flower Parts

【目的】研究香水文心兰不同花期及花朵不同部位香气成分的变化规律,为了解文心兰香气的形成及释放机理提供参考依据。【方法】采用固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)技术,分别测定香水文心兰不同花期和花朵不同部位的挥发性香气成分及其相对含量,并对其中的变化进行探讨。【结果】香水文心兰花蕾期的香气组成成分有7种,始花期有22种,盛花期有24种,衰落期有41种;随着花朵的开放,烯、醇和酯类化合物的相对含量总体呈上升趋势,醛酮类和烷烃类化合物的相对含量总体呈下降趋势。在香水文心兰盛花期花朵的3个不同部位中,蕊柱的香气组成成分有97种,花瓣有71种,唇瓣有89种。蕊柱和花瓣中相对含量最高的均是醇类化合物,分别为25.36%和58.16%;唇瓣中烯类化合物的相对含量最高,为49.17%。【结论】从感官分析与GC/MS的测试结果综合判断,烯类物质是影响香水文心兰香气的重要化合物,其中3,7-二甲基-1,3,6-辛三烯、(反)-2-丁烯酸-2-亚甲基环丙基-2-基酯、3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇和(顺)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇是香水文心兰的特征香气化合物,唇瓣可能是香水文心兰花香释放的主要部位。

[ Objective ] The aim of this experiment was to analyze the changes of aroma components in Oncidium Sharry Baby in different florescence and flower parts, and provide reference for finding out the formation and release mechanism of Oncidium. [Method] Aroma components in different florescence and flower parts were analyzed by solid phase micro-extraction and GC/MS technology. Volatile changes were also studied. [Result] There were 7 components identified at bud stage, 22 at first flowering stage, 24 at flowering stage and 41 at declining period. With the flower blooming and senescence, the contents of alkenes, alcohol and esters raised, and the contents of aldehydes and ketones, and alkanes decreased. There were 97 components identified in gynandrium, 71 in leans petal and 89 in labellum. In gynandrium and leans petal, the relative content of alcohol compounds was the highest, 25.36% and 58.16%, respectively. In labellum, the relative content of alkenes compounds was 49.17%, which was the highest. [ Conclusion ] On the basis of above organoleptic evaluation and GC/MS results, alkenes is the most important compounds for Onc. Sharry Baby volatile. 3,7-dimethyl-l,3,6-Octatriene, （E）-2-Butenoic acid-2-（methylenecyclopropyl）prop-2-yl ester, 3,7-dimethyl-l,6- Octadien-3-ol and （Z）-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-Octadien-l-ol are the characteristic constituents of aroma. Labellurn is probably the most important part that could influence the volatile releasing.