马克思主义小农经济理论及其现实意义

The Core Viewpoint of Small Peasant Economy Theory in Marxist

科学界定"小农"概念是认识和把握小农经济形态变化的前提,也是解开整个问题的一把钥匙。经典马克思主义关于资本主义生产方式下的小农经济必然趋于衰亡的科学论断并未过时,中国目前实行以家庭承包经营为主体的超小型"自给自足式农户经济"与西方发达国家超大型的"赢利性家庭农场"并不是同一个概念,二者不可相提并论、混为一谈。世界历史经验表明,现代农业产业体系生产—加工—销售的"纵向一体化",一般是以农场规模不断扩大的"横向一体化"为基础而形成的,二者交融互补、相伴而行,根本不存在孰优孰劣、互相排斥的问题。在今后相当长的一个时期,中国九亿多农民与土地分离的速度和规模将在很大程度上决定着农业现代化乃至整个现代化实现的程度与水平。

How to define ＂small peasant＂ is the pre-condition of knowing small peasant economy and a key to solving this problem.Small peasant economy in classical Marxist works is not out of date at present.The peasant household economy is different from large-scaled farms in the Western countries.The modern agricultural system of production-processing-sale is established on the basis of farms,so both of them are mutual complement without contradictions.In a long period,more than 0.9 billion peasants will go out of their lands,which will determine the degree of agricultural modernization.