从标准看智能电网的发展

Future Smart Grids and Their Standards

目前世界各国在什么是智能电网、如何推进智能电网的发展等方面并没有达成一致意见。美国设想的未来电力系统是一个完全自动化的电力传输网络,能够保证从电厂到终端用户整个输配电过程中所有节点之间的信息和电能的双向流动。欧洲智能电网技术平台的目标是提高输配电系统的效率、安全性和可靠性,消除大规模集成配网与可再生能源的障碍。日本将主要以大规模开发太阳能等新能源、确保电网系统稳定作为智能电网建设的主要思路。结合中国的实际情况,我国智能电网业务框架应包含发电、输变电、配电、用户、运行、服务提供者、电力市场及统一信息平台等8个领域。现有标准与智能电网之间存在差距,主要体现在需求响应和电力市场、广域状态测量、电力存储、电力传输、AMI系统、配网管理等6个方面。其中,一部分差距已经有了清晰的发展方向和解决思路;而另一部分的具体发展方向和解决思路尚不明确。智能电网相关标准的开发需要以具体项目实施为载体,标准体系是否完备需要通过具体项目检验和修订,同时具体项目的顺利实施也有赖于标准体系的约束和规范。针对中国某省级电网的特殊性和典型性,建议其智能电网的发展,一是应重点关注标准研究方向,二是由此引出的示范工程项目。

No consensus has been reached among countries about what a smart grid should be like or how to promote the development of smart grids.The future electricity system conceived by the United States is a fully automated electricity transmission network able to ensure the smooth bidirectional flow of information and electric power between all nodes of the entire power transmission and distribution system from power plants to end users.Europe′s technical platform for smart grid is designed to raise the efficiency,security and reliability of the power transmission and distribution system and to remove the bottlenecks in the large-scale integration of power distribution networks and renewable energy.The main objective of building smart grids in Japan is to ensure the stability of power grids by developing new energy sources such as solar energy on a large scale.According to the country′s specifics,China′s smart grid framework should cover power generation,power transmission and transformation,power distribution,users,operation,service suppliers,power markets and a unified information platform.There is a gap between the existing standards and those for smart power grids,which is reflected by six aspects,i.e.demand response and power market,wide-area state measurement,power storage,power transmission,AMI system and distribution network management.The country has now come up with definite solutions for some of the said issues,while some still don′t have definite solutions.In developing standards for smart grids,the country must use specific projects as the carrier to validate and modify standard systems if they are not perfect.In the meantime,the smooth and successful implementation of a project requires the constraint and regulation by standard systems.After analyzing the specific characteristics of a provincial power grid,this article proposes two suggestions for the conversion of this grid to a smart grid,i.e.focusing on the study on future standards and building demonstration projects based on such study.