中国新能源产业的发展和制度创新

New Energy Development and System Innovation in China

在全球经济尚未完全摆脱金融危机的困扰、气候变化不断加剧的大背景下,新能源产业发展受到各国政府的普遍关注,由此驱动了整个新能源产业的发展,并成为全球经济新的增长点。同时,新能源技术进步也极大地推动了新能源产业的快速发展。我国的新能源产业也进入了快速发展阶段,新能源技术不断进步,产业规模迅速提高,新能源装备制造业水平和产业化技术研发水平提升迅速。"十二五"期间将是我国新能源产业从起步阶段步入大规模发展的关键转折时期。但随着产业规模的不断扩大,诸多问题也逐渐显现出来,成为制约我国新能源产业规模化的瓶颈。如成本相对较高,市场竞争力弱;技术研发投入不足,自主创新能力不强;产业体系薄弱,配套能力不强;行业管理松散,标准体系和人才建设严重滞后;政策体系不完善,措施不配套等。分析其深层次原因,主要是对发展新能源的战略性仍然认识不足,电网体制僵化,缺少灵活、合理的定价机制。其中,全国各大电网能否相互支撑,实现同步连接已成为制约我国大规模发展新能源电力的最大瓶颈。要解决上述问题,就必须通过制度创新为新能源发展创造条件,制度创新内容主要包括改革立法体制、改革决策机制、引入激励机制和完善政策框架等。

As the impact of the financial crisis on the global economy has not yet faded out and climate change is intensifying,new energy is drawing widespread attention from governments across the globe.This interest has driven forward the growth of the entire new energy industry and this area is becoming a new spot for economic growth worldwide.In the meantime,the advances in new energy technology have also greatly pushed forward the growth of the new energy industry.China′s new energy industry has entered the stage of rapid growth.The country′s new energy technological strength is improving continuously,the size of the country′s new energy industry is increasing rapidly and the country′s new energy equipment manufacturing strength and commercial technology RD strength are improving rapidly.The Twelfth Five Year Plan period will be a key turning period in which China′s new energy industry will enter the stage of large-scale development from the infancy stage.However,as the size of the new energy industry increases,problems are popping up and pose a constraint on the expansion of the new energy industry.These problems include relatively high cost,weak market competitiveness,insufficient RD investment,weak innovating capability,industry system and supporting capability,fragmented industry management,unsatisfactory standard and talent training systems,defective policy system and unmatched measures.The main underlying causes of the above problems are that the energy industry has not yet fully understood the strategic significance of developing new energy,the power grid system is rigid and that a flexible and reasonable pricing mechanism is absent.The lack of interconnection between all major grids across the country has become the biggest obstacle to the large-scale use of new energy sources in power generation.To resolve the above problems,China must innovate in its energy system to create conditions for the development of new energy.The main tasks in system innovation include reforming the legislative system and decision-making mechanism,introducing incentive systems and perfecting policy framework.