国内外钻井液技术进展及对钻井液的有关认识

Advances on Drilling Fluid Technology and Understanding of the Relevant Fluid at Home and Abroad

随着石油勘探开发技术的不断发展,对钻井液提出了更高的要求。国外一些公司相继研制并推广了聚合醇钻井液、正电胶钻井液、甲酸盐钻井液、稀硅酸盐钻井液和微泡钻井液等具有国际先进水平的水基防塌钻井液新体系,以及环保性能优良的第二代合成基钻井液和逆乳化钻井液新体系。国内在生产中结合实际情况,借鉴国外新技术,逐步形成了两性离子聚合物钻井液、正电胶钻井液、硅酸盐钻井液、甲基葡萄糖苷钻井液、聚合醇钻井液等一系列新技术,并在逐步形成高难度的超高温和超高密度钻井液体系。国内在钻井液整体水平上与国外的差距仍然很明显,特别是国内外在钻井液技术与管理方面存在的认识上的区别,主要表现在目的、设计理念、处理剂、实施过程、对泥浆工程师的要求、创新目标、环境保护等方面,这是制约国内钻井液整体水平和技术进步的主要问题。通过分析得出了一些认识,即:钻井液技术的发展依赖于新型钻井液处理剂的研制;对钻井液的维护不仅要注重过程控制,还要重视早期维护处理;提高钻井液的抑制性,确保钻井液的清洁有利于保护油气层;要通过"预防+巩固"的井壁稳定思路,进一步提高井壁稳定效果;钻井液无害化处理要从钻井液处理剂研制、生产以及钻井液设计、维护处理等全过程考虑。建议今后钻井液技术工作要注重钻井液处理剂的超前研究,深入开展超高温和超高密度钻井液研究,加大油基钻井液的研究力度,通过认识上的提高来缩小国内在钻井液技术上与国外的差距。

Along with the continuous development of exploration and production technology,the drilling fluid should have more properties.Some foreign companies have developed and make the popularization of the new drilling fluid system,including those at international advanced level（drilling fluid of polyalcohol,MMH,formate,diluted silicate and tiny-foam）and those with good property of environment protection（synthetic based drilling fluid at second generation and emulsion convertible drilling fluid）.In China,a series of new technology of drilling fluid has been formed gradually,which includes drilling fluid of zwitterionic polymer,MMH,silicate,methyl glucoside and polyalcohol.And the drilling fluids at ultra high temperature and ultra high density are formed also.Compared with the foreign countries,we still have a long way to go,especially on the understanding of the technology and management on the drilling fluid.The goal,design principle,additives,operating progress,the demands for mud engineer,innovation target and environment protection,etc.are the main issues restricted overall level and technology advance in China.Through analysis,we realize that： the development of the drilling fluid technology depends on the development of new drilling fluid additives;the maintenance of the drilling fluid should not only focus on process control,also attach importance to the early maintenance treatment;enhancing the property of inhibition and cleaning of the drilling fluid may ensure to reservoir protection;wellbore stability may be further improved under the idea of ＂prevention＋consolidation＂;in the process of innocuous treatment of the drilling fluids,from the treating chemical development,production and drilling fluid design to maintenance should be considered.In the future,we should pay attention to the advance of drilling fluid additives,in-depth research of the drilling fluid at ultra-high temperature and ultra-high density,to increase the intensity of oil-based drilling fluid.Enhanced awareness may reduce the gap of domestic and foreign technology on the drilling fluid.