斯巴达奥巴铭文译注

A Chinese Translation with Commentaries of Nineteen Spartan Inscriptions Related to Oba

作为古代斯巴达社会组织形式之一的奥巴见于古风时代斯巴达之重要文献“大瑞特剌”。但相关希腊文传世文献颇为晚出，于其具体情形语焉不详。然而于拉格尼亚地区之铭文材料中颇可见奥巴一词，抑或其方言表达形式。此种铭文包括嘉许令、球戏铭文及圣法三类，共计19则。上述铭文固然亦多属希腊化时代晚期及其后的时代，但可据以厘清晚出传世文献所记奥巴情况之时代属性，若与传世文献相参证，对于认识希腊化时代晚期及罗马统治时期奥巴在斯巴达之历史实情亦颇有助益。

Oba was a kind of social organization in ancient Sparta.This term appeared in 'Great Rhetra',the most important archaic Spartan document,while the Greek Literature about oba appeared in rather later periods provides merely limited information about this organization.Nevertheless,this term and its variant can be found in nineteen inscriptions discovered in Lakonia,including honorific decrees,sphaireis-mscriptions,and lex sacra.Although mose of these inscriptions belong to later the Hellenistic age and Roman times,they could contribute to dating the records about oba in the Greek Literature and to finding the realities about Spartan oba in the related periods.