经济开放、城市化水平与城乡收入差距--基于中国省际面板数据的经验研究

Economic Opening,Urbanization and Urban-Rural Income Gap——An Empirical Study Based on China’s Inter-provincial Panel Data

本文首先分析了经济开放、城市化水平对城乡收入差距的影响机制，然后利用我国1995-2008年的省际面板数据，采用系统广义矩方法进行实证分析。研究结果显示：城市化水平是缩小我国城乡收入差距的重要因素；经济开放在总体上扩大了城乡收入差距，但存在区域的差异性，即它显著地加剧了我国沿海地区的收入差距而对内陆地区却起到缩小的作用，入世以来经济开放对我国整体收入差距的扩大效应有所缓和；但如果考虑经济开放对城市化水平的影响，则经济开放度的提高会在一定程度上抑制我国城乡收入差距的扩大。

This paper firstly analyzes the influence mechanism of economic opening and urbanization on urban-rural income gap,then we use the metering method of Generalized Methods of Moments(GMM)to have an empirical analysis based on China’s inter-provincial panel data from 1995 to 2008. The research results show that:urbanization is an important factor for narrowing China’s urban-rural income gap,economic opening in generally expands urban-rural income gap,but there are regional differences,that it significantly aggravates the income gap of coastal areas while decreases the income gap of interior areas,the enlarge effect of economic opening to income gap is somewhat eased since China’s accession to WTO. But increasing economic opening will reduce the urban-rural income gap if economic opening’s effect is embedded in urbanization.