去科层化:互联网在中国政治传播中的功能再考察

De-Bureaucracy:Re-Inspection the Function of Internet in Chinese Political Communication

由于传播内容和传播渠道受到政治组织控制,中国的政治传播基本上是一个封闭的系统。科层的层级与链条过长,也使信息传播中的失真较为严重。互联网的出现使政治传播呈现出扁平化和非线性的特点。从政治传播的角度看,互联网的最大功能在于打破了政治传播的科层制,使得层级传播中的信息不对称现象得到一定程度的克服。"去科层化"的互联网重构了政治科层体系中的信息沟通,减少了传播的层级,提高了系统内的透明度,为政治决策提供了较为真实的信息环境。去科层化的互联网也重构了政治体系内的权力关系,使中央政府、地方政府与民意间的博弈格局发生一定变化。在中国的政治转型中,互联网对民主化的推动是通过"去科层化"的机制发生的。

The China’s political communication is a closed system because the content and channels of communication are controlled by political organizations. The distortion of information in communication is serious because of the long hierarchy and the long chain of bureaucracy. With the emergence of the Internet,political communication shows a characteristic with flattening and non-linear. From the perspective of political communication,the Internet’s most important function is to break the bureaucracy of political communication,and overcome the asymmetry of information in the process to some extent. In China’s political transition,the democratization function of Internet is occurred by the mechanism of 'De-bureaucracy'.