人乳和牛乳中有机物种类及邻苯二甲酸二丁酯水平的比较

Comparison of organic component and di-n-butyl phthalate between human milk and cow milk products

目的 比较人乳和牛乳中有机物种类及邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）的污染水平.方法 选取40名健康产妇,年龄（27.44±3.43）岁.分别采集每名产妇乳汁5 ml.采用简单随机抽样的方法选取市售常见4种不同品牌鲜牛奶和1种品牌的奶粉,每种品牌的牛奶制品分别抽取3个样品,共取样15份（其中鲜牛奶12份,奶粉3份）.应用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用法分别对样品中有机物种类进行定性分析及DBP的定量测定.结果 在40份人乳中共检出有机物176种,平均（10.58±4.16）种;12份鲜牛奶中共检出有机物37种,平均为（8.67±1.61）种;3份奶粉中共检出有机物31种,平均（12.67±0.58）种.奶粉中的有机物检出种类数高于人乳和鲜牛奶（t值分别为2.09、4.00,P值均〈0.05）.在人乳与牛乳中检出率均较高的有机物主要是9-十八烯酸,人乳中检出率为45.00%（18/40）,牛乳中检出率为53.33%（8/15）.人乳中DBP的含量为（57.78±35.42）μg/L,鲜牛奶中DBP的含量为（20.76±6.60）μg/L,奶粉中DBP的含量为（0.45±0.05）mg/kg[相当于浓度值为（66.78±7.60）μg/L].鲜牛奶中DBP含量低于人乳和奶粉（t值分别为37.02、46.02,P值均〈0.05）.结论 人乳与牛乳中均含有多种环境有机污染物,部分污染物具有生殖和发育毒性.

Objective To explore types of organic components and pollution level of di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） between human milk and cow milk products. Methods Forty healthy postpartum women with an average age of （27.44 ± 3.43） years old were selected, and a 5 ml sample of breast milk were collected. Four different brands of fresh cow milk and 1 brand of milk powder were randomly selected in the market. A total of 15 samples were collected with 3 from each brand,and the qualitative analysis of types of organic components and quantitative analysis of DBP were conducted by gas-chromatography and massspectrometry（GC/MS） method. Results A total of 176 different types of organic components were detected in 40 samples of human milk （averaged at （10. 58 ± 4. 16） types per sample）; 37 different types were detected in 12 samples of fresh cow milk （averaged at （8.67 ± 1.61） types per sample）; while 31 types of organic components were detected in 3 samples of milk powder （averaged at （12. 67 ± 0. 58） types per sample）. It was obvious that the types of organic components in milk powder were significantly higher than the other two groups （t =2. 09,4. 00, P 〈 0. 05）. The most frequent organic component in human milk and cow milk was 9-octadecenoic acid （45.00% （18/40） in human milk; 53. 33% （8/15） in cow milk）. DBP concentrations were （57.78 ± 35.42） μg/L, （20. 76 ± 6. 60） μg/L and （0. 45 ± 0. 05） mg/kg （equal to （66.78 ± 7.60） μg/L） in human milk, fresh cow milk and milk powder, respectively. The DBP concentration in fresh cow milk was significantly lower than those in human milk and milk powder （t =37.02,46. 02,P 〈0. 05）. Conclusion Both human milk and cow milk contain different types of organic pollutants, some of which have toxic effects on reproduction and human development.