煤矿物联网特点与关键技术研究

Research on characteristics and key technology in coal mine internet of things

对比分析了世界主要产煤国百万吨死亡率,2008年我国井工煤矿百万吨死亡率约是美国的13.5倍、南非的7.9倍、俄罗斯的2.1倍、印度的0.97倍。分析了我国煤炭百万吨死亡率高于美国等其他主要产煤国的原因:井工开采高达95%、赋存条件差、灾害严重、小煤矿多、机械化、信息化程度低等。提出了煤矿物联网特点:电气防爆、无线传输衰减大、GPS信号不能覆盖煤矿井下、无线发射功率小、抗干扰能力强、抗故障能力强、宜采用树形结构、传输距离远、不宜采用中继器、设备体积小、电网电压波动适应能力强、防护性能好等。提出了煤矿物联网需解决的关键技术问题:煤矿物联网信息编码、传输、处理等标准;矿用安全标志准用产品生产、运输、仓储、使用、维护等全过程管控;矿用安全炸药生产、运输、储存、领退、使用等全过程管控;矿用重大关键设备生产、运输、仓储、使用、维护等全过程管控;煤矿井下人员精确定位、自动识别与培训监管;瓦斯检查员、安全检查员、电钳工、放炮工、绞车司机、采煤机司机、水泵操作工等及其操作设备、作业环境人机环闭锁控制;无人工作面地面遥控;煤炭产、运、销、用全程管控;应急救援装备与救护队等管理;煤炭地质勘探、设计、建井施工、安全生产、经营管理等。

The death rate per million tons in leading coal producing countries were compared and analyzed.In 2008,the death rate per million tons in China underground mine was 13.5 times of the USA,7.9 times of the South Africa,2.1 times of the Russia,0.97 times of the India.Through analysis,the reasons that million tons death rate in China was higher than other leading coal producing countries are due to：up to 95% of underground mining,poor storage conditions,severe disaster,lots of small coal mines,low degree of mechanization and informationize,etc.The characteristics of coal mine internet of things are proposed as follows：electric explosion protection,large wireless transmission attenuation,no GPS signal in underground mine,low wireless transmission power,strong anti-interference and anti-fault capability,suitable for using tree-structure,long transmission distance,repeater is inappropriate to be used,small bulk of equipment,powerful adaptive capacity of network voltage fluctuation,be good at protection performance,etc.Put forward the key issues that need to be handled in coal mine internet of things：firstly,the standards of information coding,transmission,processing,etc;secondly,the mine-used safety admittance products in whole control process,which involve production,transportation,storage,application and maintenance;thirdly,whole process manage and safe explosive control in production,transportation,storage,draw and return,usage,etc;fourthly,management and control of main equipments in whole course,production,transportation,storage,application and maintenance are included;fifthly,staff precise location,automatic identification and training,supervision;sixthly,coal gas examiner,safe inspector,fitter,blasting technician,winch man,shearer driver,water pump operator and their operation devices,man-environment lock control;seventhly,ground remote control of unmanned working face;eighthly,management and control of coal at production,transportation,sales,usage;ninthly,management of emergency rescue equipment,ambulance corps,etc;tenthly,coal geological exploration,design,coal mine construction,safety production,management and administration.