哮喘患儿特应性形成的研究

Research on atopy formation in asthmatic children

目的探讨个体特应性的发生、发展过程及对哮喘发病的影响。方法调查４１０例哮喘儿童的螨皮试情况，并对三个哮喘家系进行常见过敏原皮试和总ＩｇＥ（ＴＩｇＥ）测定，并对该性状与Ｄ１１Ｓ５３３作遗传连锁分析。结果哮喘儿童的螨皮试阳性率及阳性反应程度随年龄增长而增强，至学龄前期渐趋稳定。三个家系３９人中１７例过敏原皮试阳性，１５名哮喘者中１１例阳性（７３３％），过敏原种类上下各代不同，过敏原皮试与Ｄ１１Ｓ５３３之间无连锁。结论人类存在有控制特异性ＩｇＥ基因，呈常染色体显性遗传，其遗传位点与ＴＩｇＥ不同。个体特应性受遗传影响，其对外界抗原起反应的能力随个体发育不断成熟，至学龄前期渐趋稳定。早期反复的呼吸道感染，犹如佐剂促进了特应性发展。对有特应性家族史的个体，在早期应避免接触过敏原，尽可能减少呼吸道感染，以减少哮喘发病。

Objective To make clear of atopy formation and its relationship with asthma.Methods 410 asthmatic children were investigated mite skin prick tests,and 3 asthmatic families were examined common allergy SPTs and TIgE.Results In asthmatic children,mite SPT positive ratio increased gradually untill 5 years old,so did SPT reaction grades( P <0 005). Among 39 cases of 3 asthma families,17 had positive SPTs (11 ones in 15 asthma cases);meanwhile linkage analysis showed there was no kinkage between positive SPTs and D11S533.Conclusion Atopy is inherited,the gene controlling SIgE is inherited by AD model and its location is not as the same as that of TIgE.In atopic person,the capacity of reacting with antigen becomes strengthened compatibly with personal development,and gets stable after 5 years old.While recurrent respiratory infection in their early lives may play an adjuvant-like role,improving the atopy formation.To reduce asthma incidence,atopic person should not exposure to antigens in their early lives and avoid respiratory infection as far as possible.