长沙市居民甲型H1N1流感知识态度行为调查

Cross-sectional study on knowledge,attitude and practice of influenza A(H1N1) among residents in Changsha

目的了解湖南省长沙市城乡居民关于甲型H1Nl流感的知识、态度、行为现状,为开展社区健康教育提供依据。方法运用多阶段随机抽样的方法,对长沙市城乡地区14~65岁常住居民1 294人进行入户调查,调查内容包括个人基本资料、预防甲型H1N1流感相关知识态度行为、疫苗接种及对媒体需求等情况。结果 1294人中,不知道甲型H1N1流感流行者占14.1%;对甲型H1N1流感相关知识的知晓率为18.2%~88.6%,其中对感染甲流不一定会发热的知晓率最低（18.2%）;农村居民的知晓率普遍低于城市和城镇居民;大流行期间外出戴口罩的比例为36.1%,就医戴口罩为39.3%;出现发热及呼吸道症状后选择自己买药治疗者占47.8%;在公共场所打喷嚏时用纸巾遮掩者为24.0%,在家打喷嚏时用纸巾遮掩者为24.7%;既往从未接种过普通流感疫苗者占80.3%;甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种率为10.4%,未接种者中不愿意接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗占37.1%。结论长沙市特别是农村地区居民对甲型H1N l流感及流感疫苗相关知识了解不足且不全面,个人防护意识差,进一步开展健康教育工作有利于加强流感防控。

Objective To investigate the status of knowledge,attitude and practice of influenza A（H1N1） among urban and rural residents in Changsha and to provide a theoretical basis for community health education.Methods A questionnaire survey,including questions about general condition,knowledge,attitude and practice of influenza A（H1N1）,vaccination and media requirement,was conducted among 1354 permanent residents aged 14 to 65 years in Changsha selected with multi-stage random sampling.Results Of all residents,14.1% did not know influenza epidemic and 18.2%-88.6% knew the knowledge of H1N1.The rate of knowing that fever will not be necessary when infected with H1N1 was the lowest（18.2%）.The ratio of rural residents who knew the knowledge of H1N1 was generally lower than those of urban and town residents.During the pandemic period,36.1% of the residents wore masks and 39.3% of the residents wore masks when went to hospital.When having fever or respiratory symptoms,47.8% of the residents bought drugs by themselves and 24.0% of the residents covered their mouths when sneezing in public places and 24.7% did so at home.Among the residents,80.3% were not vaccinated against ordinary influenza and 10.4% were vaccinated against H1N1 influenza.For residents without vaccination against influenza A（H1N1）,37.1% did not want to be vaccinated.Conclusion The knowledge level and protective awareness of influenz A（H1N1） among the residents in Changsha,especially in rural area,are poor.More work concerning health education and vaccination should be done.