低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员细胞遗传学影响

Cytogenetic effect of low-dose ionizing radiation on radiation workers

目的分析低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员细胞遗传学影响。方法采用放射场所辐射剂量、个人剂量、细胞遗传学指标检测及流行病学横断面调查研究方法。结果射线接触组染色体畸变率(0.16%)高于对照组(0.04%),染色体畸变检出率(17.05%)高于对照组(5.1%),微核率(1.03‰)高于对照组(0.2‰),微核检出率(48.06%)高于对照组(12.25%),差异均有统计学意义(2χ=8.45,P<0.01;2χ=7.59,P<0.01;2χ=57.23,P<0.01;2χ=32.52,P<0.01);不同年剂量、累积剂量组染色体畸变率、微核率与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义;随着个人年剂量、累积剂量水平的增加,染色体畸变率、微核率、微核阳性检出率有增高趋势。结论长期低剂量电离辐射,对淋巴细胞产生的辐射效应导致的染色体畸变率、微核率的增加并与放射人员个人累积吸收剂量密切相关。

Objective To study cytogenetic effect of low-dose ionizing radiation among low-dose ionizing radiation exposed workers.Methods Cross-sectional study was used and field radiation dose,individual radiation dose and genetic indicators were monitored in the study.Results The average values of chromosome aberration rate and the detection rate in the case group were higher than those of the control.The average value of micronucleus rate and the detection rate were higher than those of the control with significant differences（P0.01 for all）.The rates of chromosome aberration and micronucleus of different yearly dose group and accumulated dose group were significant higher than those of control group（P0.01 for all）.There was an increasing trend for the rates of chromosome aberration and micronucleus and micronucleus detection with the increase of annual dose or accumulated dose.Conclusion The increases of chromosome abration rate and micronucleus rate of lymphocyte caused by long term low-dose exposure to ionizing radiation is significantly related to the individual accumulated dose among radiological workers.