科尔沁地区3类生产方式下的荒漠化问题研究

Desertification issue caused by three productive modes in the Horqin regions

科尔沁地区作为我国荒漠化问题的重要研究区域,其荒漠化现状、发展趋势和形成原因一直存在争论。本研究采用野外调查方法,将调查区域分为偏农耕区、偏牧区及农牧混合区进行实地考察与研究,结果发现,近年来不同的生产方式下该区荒漠化形势依然严峻,若不改变现行不合理生产方式,区域荒漠化形势严峻趋势将难以逆转。从根本上说,近期科尔沁地区荒漠化演化是人地矛盾加剧的结果,不同生产方式背后的社会、经济、文化等背景因素是其深层原因,表现在政策和市场调控失灵、传统文化丧失和教育滞后。以此为基础,建议:1)在进一步调查研究基础上,因地制宜,制定农牧交错带政策;2)围绕区域可持续发展能力核心,开展系统保护与建设工作;3)认真组织开展针对农牧交错带的科学研究工作;4)鼓励农牧民创新发展合作组织形式,提高市场竞争力和系统综合发展能力;5)继承和发扬传统文化,繁荣区域经济。

Horqin is the key region for the desertification issue in China, where there are still debate on the current, the future situation and the causes of desertification in the Horqin regions. A field survey was conducted in the agricultural area, pasturing area, and mixing area, respectively, to determine relationship between desertification and productive modes. This study showed that three productive modes enable desertification issue to become serious, which requires for improving the inappropriate productive modes. This study proposed that the desertification in the Horqin region resulted from the increasing conflicts between human need and the nature supplies, in which social, economic and cultural factors were the essential drivers, indicating that market regulation became ineffective, the traditional culture gradually lost and the education lag behind. Therefore, this study put forward some suggestion as followed： firstly, Making proper policy for the farming-pastoral areas responding for the specific local conditions; secondly, launch- ing the systematic protection and development work and focusing on sustainable development; thirdly, taking the scientific research serious in the future; fourthly, encouraging the local farmers and herdsmen to develop new cooperatives for enhancing their ability in the market competition; finally, carrying on the traditional culture for a prosperous future of the regional social economy.