论民事立法权的宪法约束

The Constitutional Constraint on Civil Legislative Power

法国、德国和日本民法典的制定过程表明,民事立法权来自于宪法的授予,且其行使须遵守宪法设置的立法权限与程序,立法机关亦不得制定在内容上与宪法规范相抵触的民法规范。在现代立宪国家,立法机关建构民事法律体系的义务来自于宪法基本权利规范作为客观法秩序的功能。我国既有的民法立法没有充分注意宪法的约束作用,这给未来《民法典》的编纂留下了合宪性隐患。建立完善的民事法律体系不仅有赖于民法学家的睿智,也需要宪法学界的参与。

The enactment process of civil code in French, German and Japan indicates that the civil legislative power is empowered by the Constitution and must exercised within the constitutional competence and procedure, and that the legislature shall not establish a civil law which is contrary to the constitutional norms. In modern constitutional practice, the legislature＇s duty to enact civil law comes from the fundamental right clause and its function as objective legal order. The existing civil law system in our country ignored in large latitude the constitutional limits, which will constitute a hidden trouble to the future civil code. The perfect construction of a civil legal system relies on not only the wise of civil law jurists but also the participation of constitutional law jurists.