美国、日本、英国地方高校内部治理及其启示

The Internal Governance of Local Colleges and Universities in USA,Japan and UK and its Enlightenments

合理的内部治理结构是学校生存和发展的基础。美国、日本和英国等发达国家地方高校的内部治理成效显著,其主要采取董事会单会治理或双会治理、校内外双边治理或校内单边治理、"校—学院(或学部)"双层级治理以及通过特定人员或管理机构进行治理协调。借鉴国外经验,针对我国新建本科院校内部管理专制集权、决策相对封闭、学术权力弱小、学生利益诉求难以体现等困境,应建立董事会为最高决策机构,设立教授委员会为学术决策机构,保证校长独立行使行政指挥权和院(系)办学自主权,同时鼓励大学生参与学校内部治理。

It is the basis for the survival and development of colleges and universities to have a rational system of internal governance. The internal governances of local colleges and universities in USA, Japan, UK and other developed countries have notable effects. They mainly adopt the governance of a board or double meetings; bilateral governance both in and out of campus or campus unilateral governance; ＂school-college （or department）＂ double-level governance and coordination through specific members or management agencies. Learning from these experiences, it is necessary to establish a board of directors as the top decision-making body; set up a professor committee as the decision-making institution of academic researches; guarantee that the president executes his power independently in administrative command and in running colleges （or departments） independently and encourage university students to participate in the internal governance in campus.