医疗侵权诉讼举证责任研究

The Burden of Proof in Medical Tort Suit

《侵权责任法》明确了医疗侵权的过错归责原则,除特殊情形外,应当由原告承担过失的举证责任,从而最高人民法院《证据规定》确定的过错要件的举证责任倒置规定不再适用。德国的表见证明和英美法系国家的过失推论原则,在肯定医疗侵权过错责任的前提下,缓和了因信息不对称导致的原告过错要件举证负担的过重,而表见证明更切合我国的实际。因果关系要件的举证仍沿用举证责任倒置,但举证责任倒置对医疗机构的诉讼压力过大,造成过度医疗的发生,有条件的因果关系推定更能保证举证责任在当事人之间的合理分配。

The Tort Liability Law adopts the fault liability principal as the imputation principal in medical tort.That means in most cases,the plaintiff should prove the fault of the defendant,rather than the defendant should prove they don＇t behavior falsely.The Prima facie Beweis is a good way to alleviate the plaintiff＇s burden of proof caused by the lack of information.As to causation,it is appropriate to shift the burden of proof to the defendant.However,presumption of causation in some cases can balance the burden of proof between the plaintiff and defendant better.