社区护士灾害应对能力及其影响因素的调查研究

Investigation on disaster response capacity of community nurses and the influencing factors

目的探讨社区护士灾害应对能力现状及其影响因素,为有效提高我国社区护士的灾害应对能力提供参考。方法随机整群抽取重庆市部分主城区社区卫生服务中心的205名注册社区护士为调查对象,采用自行编制的社区护士灾害应对能力调查问卷对其进行调查。结果社区护士灾害应对能力得分为3.68±0.48,社区护士灾害应对能力各维度评分由高到低分别是个人素质3.97±0.49、灾后疫病预防能力3.84±0.63、应急处置能力3.75±0.53、心理应激能力3.75±0.51、知识储备3.45±0.59、危机评估能力3.28±0.58;参加灾害救援、接受灾害护理继续教育培训和职称是社区护士灾害应对能力的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论社区护士灾害应对能力处于中等水平,其灾害知识的储备和对灾害危机评估方面的能力欠缺较突出。社区卫生服务机构应加强对社区护士进行灾害应对能力培训,积极为社区护士提供灾害护理继续教育的机会,提高社区护士灾害应对能力。

Objective To investigate the disaster response capacity of community nurses in China and to explore the influencing factors.Methods Stratified cluster and random sampling method was conducted by the researchers to recruit 205 registered community nurses, and then the participants were asked to fill out a self-designed questionnaire in terms of disaster response capacity.Results The score of disaster response capacity of registered community nurses was 3.68±0.48. The scores of the subdimentions were listed in descending order as follows： personal quality （3.97±0.49）, post-disaster prevention of infectious diseases （3.84±0.63）, ability to deal with emergency （3.75±0.53）, stress response （3.75±0.51）, knowledge reserve （3.45±0.59）, ability to assess crisis （3.28±0.58）. Such factors as participation in a disaster salvage, receiving continuing education of disaster nursing care, and nurses′ professional title exerted impacts on disaster response capacity of community nurses（P〈0.05 for all）.Conclusion Disaster response capacity of community nurses in China is at medium level, and nurses especially have poor reserve of disaster knowledge and lack the ability to assess the crisis. Community health service institution should provide much more training program for community nurses, and provide more opportunities of continuing education, so as to improve the disaster response capacity of community nurses.