对外汉语学习词典释义问题探讨--国内外二语学习词典的对比研究

An Investigation on the Problems in the Definitions in Chinese Dictionaries for International Learners:Based on a Contrastive Study of EFL and CFL Lexicography

汉语学习词典通常是为非本族语用户学汉语编纂的外向型词典,它在收词、体例、释义和配例等方面与内向型词典都应有较大的差异。但我国许多对外汉语词典仍沿袭传统词典的编纂模式,不能很好地满足用户的需求。本文根据二语学习的需要,从释义信息项的内容与结构、语义框架与概念结构、同义对释与循环释义、释义简单性与词典闭环性等几个方面,通过抽样对比分析的方法探讨对外汉语词典存在的有关问题,并提出可行的改进建议。

Chinese learner＇s dictionaries are usually foreigner-oriented and designed for non-natives learning Chinese as foreign language（CFL）,and they should be different considerably from those for natives in format guideline,word entry,lexical definition,and illustrative examples.But the Chinese dictionaries available for foreign learners have followed the established pattern of conventional dictionaries,thus can not meet the user＇s requirements.This paper,in the light of the actual needs for second language acquisition,aims to discuss the problems in the foreigner-oriented Chinese dictionaries based on a contrastive study of EFL and CFL lexicography in aspects,such as contents and structures of definitional items,semantic frame and conceptual structure,definition by synonyms and its circularity,expressional simplicity and lexicographic closedness,and then proposes some practical solutions to these problems.