微生物对砷的作用机理及利用真菌修复砷污染土壤的可行性

Action mechanisms of microorganisms on arsenic and the feasibility of utilizing fungi in remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil

利用真菌修复砷污染土壤和水体具有很大的发展潜力,是环境科学领域研究的热点.环境中存在的砷虽然不能像有机污染物那样被微生物降解,但可以通过微生物对砷的氧化/还原、吸附/解吸、甲基化/去甲基化、沉淀/溶解等作用影响其生物有效性,从而达到降低环境中的砷毒害、修复砷污染环境的目的.本文阐述了微生物对砷的作用机理,综述了真菌对砷累积与挥发研究的最新进展,探讨了其在修复砷污染土壤方面的可行性,旨在为利用真菌来修复砷污染土壤提供理论依据.

Utilizing fungi to remediate arsenic-contaminated soil and water body has a great potential,which has been focused and highlighted in environmental sciences. Though the arsenic in environment can not be biodegraded as organic contaminants,its bioavailability can be affected by microorganisms via the processes oxidation/reduction,absorption/desorption,methylation/demethylation,and precipitation/dissolution,etc. ,and thereby,its toxicity could be reduced,and the arsenic-contaminated environment could be remediated. This paper introduced the action mechanisms of microorganisms on arsenic,summarized the research progress in the arsenic bioaccumulation and bio-volatilization by fungi,and discussed the feasibility of utilizing fungi in the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil,aimed to provide theoretical reference for the bioremediation strategies of arsenic-contaminated soils.