伊贝母根际有益微生物对栽培产量的影响

Influence of rhizosphere useful microbe on the yield of cultivated Fritillaria pallidiflora

本文利用PBY培养基从药用植物伊贝母根际土壤中分离纯化出一株微生物菌种,通过个体形态、培养特征和主要理化特性等试验,依据伯杰细菌鉴定手册将菌种鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis Cohn。制备其液体菌剂,在贝母的不同生长发育期灌根和喷叶后,进行伊贝母产量的测定,结果表明,使用该菌剂后,可以提高16.8%的贝母产量。

Fritillaria pallidiflora is a perennial herbage medicinal plant in Fritillaria of Liliaceae and was recorded in codex of people＇s republic of China. It distributes in the northern Tianshan Mountains and Altai Mountains in Xinjiang of China whose altitude is 1 000 - 1 800 m. Its bulb is the medicinal parts. The savor is sweet and bitter. It is staple medicinal materials which treat cough with lung heat, skin deficiency, chest distress and gastric ulcer. At present, although there is cultivated Fritillaria pallidiflora, large area growth have performed because lower yield is one of the primary reason. Therefore, it is necessary to study the method of increasing yield. Studies of the scientific researchers have proved that microbial preparation can increase plant yield but rhizosphere sdil microbe of relating to the medicinal plant, especially Fritillaria paUidiflora, has not been involved by far. In this study, a bacterium has been isolated from Fritillaria pa.Uidiflora rhizospheric soil by PBY culture medium. The basic charac- teristics of morphology, colony, physiology and biochemistry have been studied. Cell is （2.0 - 3. O） x （0.7 - 0. 8 ） ~m, G ＋ and there is center spore in it when the strain was cultured for 72 h. Colony is butter color and opaci- ty. The diameter is 2 -8 mm and the edge is not order. The strain＇s optimum growth temperature is at 35 ℃ -40 ℃ and its optimum growth pH is 8 -9. It can hydrolyze amylum and fluidified gluten when the strain is cultivated for 72h. Using the glucose, arabinose, xylose and mannose produced acid and gas. The strain identufied as Bacil- lus subtilis Cohn by Bergery＇s manual of determinative bacteriology. Bacteria number of cultivated Fritillaria paUidi- flora rhizospheric soil and its yield were determined after the liquid preparation was poured into the roots of cultivat- ed Fritillaria pallidiflora and was sprayed on the leafs. Influence of rhizosphere useful bacteria on the yield of culti- vated Fritillaria pallidiflo results show that Bacillus ra and number of rhizosphere bacteria cultivated Fritillaria subtilis Cohn isolated from the rhizospheric soil can increase 16.8% yield of Fritillaria pallidiflora and accelerate the propagating rate of r.hizosphere bacteria. Best period of applying the preparation is greening stage and best method is irrigating roots. The result will be propitious to large area growth of Chinese traditional medicine material - Fritillaria pallidiflora .