杭州地区婴儿麻疹流行特征与疫苗接种史的相关性分析

Analysis of epidemic features of infant measles and vaccination status in Hangzhou

本文旨在探讨当前我国麻疹疫苗接种程序下的婴儿麻疹流行特征,为改进麻疹疫苗接种策略提供科学依据。利用麻疹监测系统,对杭州市2004～2007年婴儿麻疹发病的分布和疫苗免疫状况进行分析,发现婴儿麻疹发病率无明显城乡差异,发病季节主要集中在3～5月,发病年龄主要集中在5～9月龄。≤8月龄病例以常住儿童为主,≥9月龄病例以流动儿童为主。≥9月龄麻疹病例中,常住儿童所占比例低于流动儿童,而其麻疹疫苗接种率(47.5%)明显高于流动儿童(14.3%),两者有显著差异(χ2=11.75,P<0.01)。因此,为进一步降低婴儿麻疹发病率,需加强流动儿童的麻疹疫苗补种;另外,建议将麻疹疫苗初次免疫时间提前至6月龄,这可能有助于降低婴儿麻疹发病率。

The epidemiology of infant measles under the current national vaccination procedure was explored in order to provide scientific evidence for improvements in vaccination strategies against measles. All data were collected via the Chinese Measles Surveillance System and used to analyze the distribution and immunization status of childhood measles cases during 2004-2007 in Hangzhou. The results showed that there were no differences in the prevalence of measles between urban and rural areas. Most cases aged 5 to 9 months were reported from March and May. The majority of cases at or less than 8 months of age were local inhabitants whereas children aged 9 months or older were more often visiting from other locales. The immunization coverage rate of non-local children （14.3%） was lower than that of local children （47.5%） （χ2=11.75,P0.01）. The results indicate that it is necessary to strengthen the vaccination program in non-local children to decrease the incidence of infant measles. Furthermore,it may be beneficial for immunization against measles to start at the age of 6 months to help decrease the prevalence of measles in vulnerable infants who receive the first immunization of measles vaccine at 8 months of age.