脱细胞组织基质材料构建组织工程血管支架的特点与效应

Characteristics and effects of acellular tissue matrix materials to construct tissue engineering vascular stent

目的:评价组织工程血管支架材料的特性和发展前景。方法:以"组织工程,组织工程血管,支架材料"为关键词,采用计算机检索1993-01/2009-10相关文章。纳入与有关生物材料与组织工程血管相关的文章;排除重复研究或Meta分析类文章。以26篇文献为主重点讨论了组织工程血管材料的种类及其性能。结果:血管脱细胞基质可作为一种较理想的支架材料应用于血管组织工程。纤维蛋白制成的支架,不但具有理想的生物相容性、生物降解性和较高的亲和性,而且能促进血管生成、组织修复。明胶无抗原性,生物相容性好,可完全生物降解,可以实现支架自身的"血管化",但机械性强度低。天然生物材料和合成高分子材料都存在一定不足,将两者按照一定的方法组合构建成一种复合基质,发挥两者各自的优势构建出性能良好的组织工程化血管。纳米修饰技术有望被应用于下一代组织工程化血管移植。结论:近年来组织工程血管发展迅速,但到目前为止,还没有发现一种很理想的血管支架材料。天然生物材料成为目前研究的热点,但是物理机械性能并不能很好地符合血管支架要求,这就迫切希望新材料的出现,来更好的满足组织化血管支架的要求,达到修复和重建的目的。

OBJECTIVE：To evaluate the properties and development prospects of tissue engineering vascular stents.METHODS：A computer search was performed for article published between January 1993 and October 2009,using ＂tissue engineering,tissue engineering blood vessels,stents＂ in Chinese as Keywords.Article about the biomaterials and tissue engineering blood vessels were included;duplicated research or Meta analysis articles were eliminated.The main focus of 26 articles was to discuss the type and properties of tissue engineering blood vessel materials.RESULTS：The vascular acellular matrix can be used as an ideal stent material in vascular tissue engineering.Fibrin stents not only have ideal biocompatibility,biodegradability and high affinity,but also can promote angiogenesis and tissue repair.The gelatin is antigenicity-free,biocompatible and completely biodegradable,it can achieve its own vascularization,but the mechanical strength is low.Natural biomaterials and synthetic polymer materials have certain deficiencies,a matrix compounded the two materials with certain combinations can play their respective advantages and construct tissue engineered blood vessels with good performance.Nano-modification technology is expected to be applied to the next generation of tissue engineered vascular grafts.CONCLUSION：In recent years the tissue engineered blood vessels rapidly develop,but so far there is no an ideal vascular stent.Natural biomaterials become a current research hotspot,but the physical and mechanical properties can not properly meet the requirements of the vascular stents,thus it is eager to emerge new materials which can better meet the requirements of the tissue engineered vascular stents,so as to achieve the purpose of repair and reconstruction.