抗肿瘤纳米药物载体材料的安全性

Safety of anti-tumor nano-materials for drug delivery

目的:介绍抗肿瘤纳米药物载体材料在延长肿瘤内药物存留时间,减慢肿瘤生长,降低毒副作用中的优势,探讨抗肿瘤纳米药物载体材料的安全性。方法:以"肿瘤,药物载体,载体材料,纳米技术,靶向"为中文关键词,"cancer,drug carrier,carrier material,nanotechnology,targeting"为英文关键词,采用计算机检索1990-01/2009-12相关文章。结果:用于运载抗肿瘤药物的纳米材料有人工合成的有机高分子材料、天然生物大分子材料等,用其作为药物的载体可以有效降低抗肿瘤药物的不良反应并提高其疗效。人工合成的有机高分子材料纯度高,性能容易控制,并且具有良好的生物降解性能,已经成为世界范围内的开发热点。研究较多的有聚氰基丙烯酸烷基酯、聚乳酸、聚乳酸聚乙醇酸共聚物、聚酰胺-胺型树枝状高聚物等。天然生物大分子壳聚糖、白蛋白、明胶、淀粉等可作为纳米粒载体材料,具有良好的生物相容性、可降解性以及低毒性的特点。结论:纳米材料是抗肿瘤药物的理想载体,具有重要的科学价值和应用价值,为临床抗肿瘤提供了新的有效手段。

OBJECTIVE：To introduce the advantages of anti-tumor nano-materials as drug carrier in prolonging the drug persistence in tumor,slowing tumor growth and reducing side effects,to investigate the safety of anti-tumor nano-materials for drug delivery.METHODS：Using ＂cancer,drug carriers,carrier materials,nanotechnology,targeting＂ in Chinese and in English as the Keywords,a computer retrieval of articles between January 1990 and December 2009 was performed.RESULTS：The nano-materials used for anticancer drug delivery include synthetic organic polymer materials,natural biological macromolecules materials and so on,as a drug carrier it can effectively reduce the adverse effects of anticancer drugs and improve its efficacy.Synthetic organic polymer materials have high purity,controllable performance,and good biodegradability,they have become the worldwide development hotspots.Most researches focus on alkyl cyanoacrylate polymer,polylactic acid,polylactic acid polyglycolic acid copolymer,polyamide-dendritic polymers and so on.Natural biological macromolecules chitosan,albumin,gelatin and starch can be used as carrier nanoparticles and exhibit good biocompatibility,biodegradability and low toxicity.CONCLUSION：The nano-material is an ideal carrier for anticancer drugs,it has important scientific value and application,can provide a new and effective means for clinical anti-tumor treatment.